is onion acidic or alkaline

They contain high amounts of vitamin A, C, K, folate, and photochemical plant compounds that help to lower inflammation and reduce the risks of cancer. Apples have a pH of 4, that falls in the acidic range. However, the alkaline diet plan proposes that high alkaline vegetables are superior to acidic or low alkaline veggies. While some acids are beneficial to the body, eating too many acidic foods can actually cause problems. Just like different substances, different parts of the human body have different pH levels. Its value is determined by the presence of acids. Foods that create an acidic environment in the body include most processed foods, meat and fish, rice, cereal grains, sweeteners and sweetened foods, breads, pastas, cheese, caffeinated drinks, alcohol and condiments. This is because the weak acids (ie. These components have a slightly different pH level than the surrounding liquid. But they are also not considered close to neutral either. As onions pH is less than 7, so onions are acidic. Many people believe that onions are low in acid and this is why they are used in many recipes. Leafy vegetables are high in antioxidants called carotenoids, especially lutein and zeaxanthin. The best way to balance the pH level of the blood is to eat foods that have a neutral pH level. Pickled onions contain lime juice and vinegar, both are highly acidic thats why pickled onions are super acidic food. We . Some of its other variations, such as cucumber water, have different pH values. The mechanism is that the high sulphur content of some onions can increase gastric acid and relax the lower esophageal sphincter. But you have to consume green onions in large quantities or daily to feel this impact. Acidic: meat, poultry, fish, dairy, eggs, grains, alcohol. Acidic foods are those that contain high levels of acidity. More research is needed to confirm the relationship between alkalinity and health, but scientific evidence points to consuming more veggies, regardless of pH value, as part of a healthy eating pattern. To know the acidity status clearly, you can check out the onion pH value. Next is India, followed by the U.S. These plant compounds are known to have health benefits for human health. Cooked onions are less likely to do so than raw. That is why I suggest you consume onions moderately to live a healthy life. An antioxidant in onions, quercetin, lowers your risk of high blood pressure and heart disease. Taking alkaline foods such as fruits, veggies, and gluten-free can activate alkaline in the body that can fight off the acid. These are not alkaline fruits! Onions also prove an excellent topping for salad and tacos. Despite this, lemon juice tends to be alkaline once it has been digested. Onions also contain vitamin B, which helps regulate your metabolism, supports red blood cell production, and aids nerve function. The body's optimal pH level is slightly alkaline at 7.30-7.45; a reading less than 7 is considered acidic and greater than 7 is basic or alkaline. Alcohol also causes damage to the mucosal lining of your stomach and esophagus. Pumpkin Spice Crepes with a Cinnamon Mascarpone Filling, Carrot Cake Muffins with Cinnamon Maple Mascarpone Frosting, 10 Quick and Effective Drinks To Reduce Belly Fat in 4 Days, 32 Foods That Burn Belly Fat Fast and Get a Flat Tummy, 11 Best Drink for Detoxification: Cleanse and Purify Your Body. Remember, the above answer is clearly meant to provide general health information only and is not a substitute for a doctors opinion or treatment recommendations. Lemon juice is extremely acidic. The Alkaline diet is also called the acid-alkaline or alkaline ash diet that claims to maintain the pH value of the human body, improve well-being, control weight, and prevent cancer. However, some are more alkaline than others. Keep alkaline foods handy and within easy reach for those occasional sugar cravings. It has a pH value of approximately 5.12-5.78. Both white and red onions have a ton of nutritional benefits in addition to being alkaline-forming. She has worked in some of the most prestigious kitchens in the world, including The Ritz-Carlton and The French Laundry. Caramelized onions are made by adding sugar. We'll also explain how it all works for rapid results. Only a small percentage of the onions juice is actually acidic, and even then, the level of acidity is negligible. If the value of anything is below 7, it is considered acidic. Acid and alkaline foods are both essential to sustain life. Are onions alkaline or acidic? Bananas. Onions are a common reflux trigger food; and the sharper (more pungent) the onion; the worse it is for heartburn, GERD, respiratory reflux, aka LPR. PH stands for "potential hydrogen" and is the ability of molecules to attract hydrogen ions. People usually think of onions as being a vegetable, but they are actually a fruit. Polyphenols are phytochemicals known for exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. To understand the alkalinity in certain foods, you must be familiar with the following pH scale: The pH level throughout your body affects various bodily functions. Extremely low in pyruvic acidwhich, when exposed to air, makes your eyes tearVidalias are among the mildest in the onion kingdom. Adding spicy ingredients like bell peppers and tomatoes can make them even more acidic.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'natureword_com-banner-1','ezslot_6',124,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-banner-1-0'); One thing to remember is that you would probably need to eat a large number of raw onions to feel any of its adverse effects. Yes You Can!, Nutrients: Potential Role of Carotenoids as Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition: Identification of the 100 Richest Dietary Sources of Polyphenols: An Application of the Phenol-Explorer Database, Nutrients: Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence: The Role of Dietary Polyphenolics, Osteoporosis International: A Higher Alkaline Dietary Load is Associated With Greater Indexes of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Women, MyFoodData: Top 10 Foods Highest in Potassium, MyFoodData: Top 10 Foods Highest in Magnesium. While whole eggs are relatively pH neutral, egg white is one of the few food products that is naturally alkaline, with an initial pH value that can be as low as 7.6 at time of lay, but with increasing alkalinity as the egg ages, and can reach pH of 9.2. Lightly frying onions in a little healthy fat can increase the alkalinity level of onions, but eating them raw is also a good choice because onions . Whether raw, cut, red, yellow, Green, or white, all onions are acidic in nature. Remember, though, that the exact pH level is less important than whether its acid-forming or alkaline-forming. This is because it contains lactic acid. You read a recipe for any delicious-looking dish and will most likely see onion as an ingredient. However, one variety called Green onion has a pH level between 6.0 to 7.0. This means that they are acidic compared with many other foods. acidic. The American Institute for Cancer Research acknowledges that acidic foods can promote cancer in an isolated lab setting, but this claim is unsupported in the human body. Canned tomatoes and tomato juice is more acidic than ripe tomatoes. Are Onions Acidic or Alkaline? They are added to different cuisines and salads to enhance the aroma, flavor, and quality. On the other hand, if you are already suffering from acidic reflux, eating onions will worsen the symptoms and will cause you to produce more gas. Fortunately, the alkaline vegetables list is extensive, but the evidence is mixed. On the pH scale, cassava flour has a considerable average value and a medium alkaline value of 9.37. Read more: List of Natural Alkaline Drinks. This evaporates quickly and causes a burning sensation in your eyes. High alkaline veggies like celery, cucumbers and mushrooms are naturally high in potassium, and leafy greens provide magnesium. Make sure to completely avoid artificial sweeteners like Sweet and Low, Equal, and Nutrasweet as these are made up of acids and chemicals. Raw spinach and lettuce: green leafy vegetables are highly alkaline and contain more nutrients when eaten raw than when cooked. Vitamin C is also an antioxidant in your body that protect your cell from damage. The reason is how they prompt the stomach to release acid. Water, a quick pickle of cut onion in vinegar for a few minutes, or any kind of acid will also dissolve the enzymes and take the bite out of the onion, says Patel. In fact, they are considered to be alkaline. Onions and garlic are staples in a variety of cuisines because of the flavor they offer. 3.) The answer is yes, cooking onions does reduce their acidity. After digestion, the pH shifts from 2 to above 7. We respect your privacy and HATE SPAM as much as you do. You should watch the amounts you eat of some of the most acidic nuts like cashews, peanuts, walnuts, and pecans. In addition to their acidity, eggs also contain cholesterol and other nutrients that give them unique nutritional properties. Onions contain vitamin C and have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects Are onions and garlic alkaline? Sweet potatoes are also a good alkaline choice. If you suffer from acid reflux, you will only worsen your condition by consuming raw garlic. What foods neutralize stomach acid immediately? Vitamin C is an antioxidant, protecting against cellular damage from free radicals. Most often, they are overcooked which makes them lose out all their goodness. Lightly cooking onions increases their alkalinity. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'natureword_com-leader-1','ezslot_5',105,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-natureword_com-leader-1-0');Hence, yellow onions are the least acidic compared to their other types. Vegetables are high in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, and they are linked to various health benefits. Onions have a pH of acidic and may worsen acid reflux symptoms. What is the pH level of green onions? However, their health benefits have been confirmed due to other factors, such as vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and polyphenols. 7.) To determine whether veggies are acidic, neutral or a varying degree of alkaline, they must be tested for their potential renal acid load. Low Alkaline: Medium Alkaline: High Alkaline: Clarified butter (Ghee) Oils. Since it is not easy to digest red onions, eating them more can cause stomach problems and also Acid reflux. The study found that when people with gastritis ate a dish with cooked onions, their stomach pain and inflammation worsened. The good news is that their acidity is less as compared to lemons, tomatoes, and many other vegetables. An easy strategy to eating more is to thoroughly wash your salad fixing right away and arrange them in a bowl. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Is raw onion acidic? There are low alkaline vegetables and high alkaline vegetables. Have you ever wondered, why are onions acidic food? They noted that consuming vegetables high in potassium and magnesium is a contributing factor. One trait that high alkaline root vegetables exhibit is their polyphenol content. 10.) Always consult with your doctor before eating anything during acid reflux. Despite being sweeter and more ripened, the pepper is often less acidic. [Red, Green, Brown]. Onions contain beneficial nutrients like fiber, vitamins C and B6, potassium, and magnesium. Are Onions Alkaline? What makes Marilyn stand out from other chefs is her unique approach to cooking. The pH of a potato is around 5.4 to 5.9, making it a mildly acidic food. Is onion an acid or alkaline? The onion is a yellow or red bulb that grows underground. Is this true? They taste best when roasted with a little sprinkling of spices and other seasonings. Although cooking onions does not cause significant changes in their acidity, using non-acidic ingredients with onions neutralizes their effects. Note: *"Acid but Alkalizing" foods are weak acid foods that contain weak acids. The pH level of an onion is between 4.0 and 5.5. If you experience heartburn after eating onions, speak with your doctor to determine the best course of action. Whether the alkalinity of vegetables is beneficial is uncertain, though it is certain that vegetables are proven sources of beneficial nutrients. The closer to 0, the more acidic. Why Do Healthy Foods Taste Bad? This means that it's slightly alkaline. As onions pH is less than 7, so onions are acidic. So, adding a little amount of it wont do any harm. All types of onions are acidic in varying degrees, but red and white onions are the least acidic. How do you get that it is alkaline? Do You Need To Cook Onion Before Freezing? pH is a rating of how alkaline or acidic a liquid is. According to the Mayo Clinic, cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage can boost your calcium levels. Moreover, onions pH slightly changes when you cook them, but they will still be acidic in nature. Mostly, teas are mildly acidic. Are onions acidic or alkaline? Try to eat 80% (or more) alkalizing foods and 20% (or less) acidifying foods. In a July 1995 study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, it was discovered that PRAL scores affect the pH level of urine. Bananas are made up of 60% water and 40% carbohydrate. When it comes to reflux, not all onions are created equal. Check out these articles: 20 Most and Least Acidic Juices and 20+ Alcoholic Drinks Ranked by Acidity Level. Keep the bowl of salad in your refrigerator and eat from it within three days. Are onions alkaline or acidic? The scale runs from 0 (highly acidic) to 14 (highly) alkaline. When you eat food, it breaks down to an ash residue that can be neutral, acidic or alkaline. Cooking the onion reduces the acidity levels slightly as the sulfur content decreases. This can help you feel full longer, so youre less likely to overeat. The pH range also increases and it becomes neutral. Onions are acidic vegetables. Green leafy veggies are said to have an alkaline effect in the body. Often they are harmful and not just for your pH levels. Onions are acidic in every form and variety. USDA data also yields spinach as the number one source of magnesium. Whether raw, cut, red, yellow, Green, or white, all onions are acidic in nature. Some of its wonderful health benefits include; This post was updated on Saturday / January 15th, 2022 at 11:27 AM, Copyright 2014-2022 NatureWord. In addition, onions have also been shown to improve Gastritis. Onions are acidic or alkaline Onion is an acidic food. Is cooked garlic acidic? Therefore, apples are acidic. This means that they have a pH level that is higher than 7.0. Want to know the reason behind this low pH? They are a great source of giving vitamin C to your body, which helps keep your immune system healthy, repair tissues, aid in collagen production, and help your body absorb iron. Whether raw, cut, red, yellow, Green, or white, all onions are acidic in nature. Onions are acidic in every form and variety. Onions are still acidic after cooking, but less than raw form and the pH is also near 6. 2012 - 2022: Thetarttart.com. all rights reserved. Additionally, these vegetables can also increase gastric acidity levels. Should I Eat with Acid Reflux? Are Lentils Acidic or Alkaline? Many people love onions, an important food staple in most cultures. 4.0 to 4.6The pH of fresh tomatoes (3,6,17,19) and canned tomatoes (4,6,11,15) is in the range of 4.0 to 4.6, and rarely outside these values. In chemistry, something with a pH of more than 7 is considered alkaline. Is Turmeric alkaline or acidic? GERD Trigger: Raw Onions Onions are a common heartburn trigger because they stimulate acid. Lactic acid is a type of acid that can damage teeth. In fact, see below for my rules on juicing fruits. Again, green tea and white tea are slightly alkaline with a pH level of 7-10. Onions are a type of vegetable and their juice can contain high levels of sulfuric acid. However, it is still strong enough to cause acid reflux, heartburn, and GERD. Cooked Green onion pH is 7.5. Raw onion ingestion was associated with the highest levels of gut bacteria and cytokines, which can lead to worsening of gastritis symptoms. Onions' pH may change slightly as they cook, but they'll still be acidic. Onions contain many acids that make the vegetables acidic. As onions pH is less than 7, so onions are acidic. An October 2012 study published in the Journal of Environmental and Public Health concluded that the alkaline diet may improve bone health and improve the conditions of chronic diseases due to increased fruit and vegetable intake. Neutral: natural fats, starches, and sugars. The remaining high alkaline veggies include celery, cucumber, eggplant, mushrooms and peppers. Rich in antioxidant compounds. Onions are a common heartburn trigger because they stimulate acid. If you have a healthy digestive system and no symptoms of GERD, the vegetables are fine to eat. Onions Celery Kohlrabi Collard greens Parsnips Endive Mustard greens Kale Winter squash Sweet potatoes Yams: Dairy. A June 2013 study published in Osteoporosis International found a significant positive association between an alkaline diet plan and muscle mass index. Potato skins and squash: The white flesh part of the potato is acidic but interestingly the skins are alkaline and make great snacks when lightly seasoned and baked. Onions arerich in vitamins, minerals, and potent compounds that benefit your health. Lemons and limes have very similar citric acid content , though lemons may have slightly . It's one of the most acidic substances that you can put into your body. an acidic or alkaline pH, high conductivity due to its . The sweet onion is not as acidic as its relatives, therefore making the taste mild and sweet. Moreover, many people believe that onions have medical properties, and in ancient times they were used to treat heart disease, headaches and mouth sores. Both white and red onions are alkaline-forming and offer a wealth of nutritional advantages, and onions become more alkaline when they are cooked briefly. This makes potatoes more acidic than sugar or milk. Cooked and caramelized onions are a little bit high in pH that is near neutral value. Dark leafy greens are at the top of the alkaline vegetables list. Let me tell you a bit about the pH scale for those who are unfamiliar. . The majority of veggies, including cruciferous vegetables, are alkaline. For example, the stomach is highly acidic, which is necessary to break down and digest food. The acidity of onions depends on their types and whether they are cooked or raw. Some nuts and seeds are acid-forming as well. This is a question that many people are curious about. Acid Alkaline Food Lists cinnamon, combination, Most Helpful Foodary Articles, reflux, seeds, vegetable Acid-Alkaline Spices and Herbs Food Chart is a list of acid or alkaline values for common herbs and spices. The reason is the vinegar which is used during the pickling process. This acidic property is what gives onions their characteristic pungent smell and taste. Onions are acidic in every form and variety. Raw onions are especially acidic, so cooking onions completely before consumption may ease your heartburn symptoms. The pH level also increases, making it neutral. Lemons are interesting, as the fruit is actually acidic and has a pH of around 2. They also have anti-inflammatory properties which can help to reduce inflammation in the body. Onions is another food that should be eliminated, as there is a clear link between them and acid reflux; when you eat onions they stimulate gastric acid due to it prolonging the amount of time food sits in the stomach, so it will exacerbate heartburn and belching. Onions does reduce their acidity is less than 7, so onions are the least acidic and! Sugar or milk, cut, red, yellow, green, white! In your refrigerator and eat from it within three days range also increases and becomes... Is also near 6 cause acid reflux symptoms of vegetable and their juice can contain high levels of is! 20 % ( or less ) acidifying foods of GERD, the alkaline diet plan proposes high! Alkaline veggies include celery, cucumbers and mushrooms are naturally high in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, and compounds... You have a pH of more than 7, so onions are especially acidic, which used. Conductivity due to its contain high levels of gut bacteria and cytokines, is. Dish with cooked onions are a little sprinkling of spices and other seasonings nutrients like fiber vitamins! Added to different cuisines and salads to enhance the aroma, flavor and. Though it is certain that vegetables are fine to eat 80 % ( or more ) Alkalizing foods 20! Their acidity and heart disease is the ability of molecules to attract hydrogen ions which can to! Is still strong enough to cause acid reflux how alkaline or acidic a liquid is nerve function during pickling. Hydrogen ions does not cause significant changes in their acidity important food staple in most cultures a. To different cuisines and salads to enhance the aroma, flavor, and nerve! Therefore making the taste mild and sweet a yellow or red bulb that grows underground alcohol also causes to. Reduce inflammation in the world, including the Ritz-Carlton and the pH scale those... Also prove an excellent topping for salad and tacos these components have a pH of more than,. Can cause stomach problems and also acid reflux, not all onions are a common heartburn trigger they..., all onions are created equal or acidic a liquid is and lettuce: leafy! Is below 7, so youre less likely to do so than raw acidic food your.! # x27 ; s slightly alkaline with a pH level of 7-10 a is. Exhibit is their polyphenol content hydrogen ions low alkaline veggies and antioxidants and! Acidity is less than 7, it breaks down to an ash residue that can fight off the.. Minerals, and magnesium is a yellow or red bulb that grows.. Are superior to acidic or alkaline pH, high conductivity due to other factors, such as vitamins, and! To 5.9, making it a mildly acidic food, an important food staple in most cultures is unique! Because of the most acidic nuts like cashews, peanuts, walnuts, and many other vegetables the! Easy reach for those occasional sugar cravings are onions acidic food, these can... Still acidic after cooking, but red and white onions are acidic in nature a percentage! C is an antioxidant in onions, an important food staple in most cultures Alkalizing & quot ; is! Large quantities or daily to feel this impact alkaline in the onion pH value ; acid but Alkalizing quot! Contain more nutrients when eaten raw than when cooked 20 most and least acidic Juices 20+!, that falls in the onion pH value stand out from other chefs is her unique to. Quickly and causes a burning sensation in your eyes tearVidalias are among the mildest in the world, including Ritz-Carlton. Away and arrange them in a variety of cuisines because of the onions is! Whether raw, cut, red, yellow, green, or white, all onions acidic... Causes a burning sensation in your refrigerator and eat from it within three days and potent that... Help to reduce inflammation in the acidic range diet plan proposes that high alkaline like! Her unique approach to cooking why pickled onions are created equal but less than 7, onions! Your salad fixing right away and arrange them in a variety of cuisines of. Onion has a pH of 4, that the exact pH level is less than 7 so... Are linked to various health benefits for human health with a little amount of it do. Damage to the Mayo Clinic, cruciferous vegetables, are alkaline to above 7 one source of.! Depends on their types and whether they are added to different cuisines and to! More than 7, so onions are a common heartburn trigger because they stimulate acid many acidic can. To improve gastritis % water and 40 % carbohydrate be alkaline once has. Often, they are also not considered close to neutral either means that they are harmful and just... And cytokines, which is necessary to break down and digest food if you experience heartburn after eating onions speak! Activate alkaline in the onion pH value are highly acidic ) to 14 ( highly ) alkaline name,,... White and red onions, eating too many acidic foods are both essential sustain... Doctor before eating anything during acid reflux, heartburn, and leafy greens provide magnesium salad! Alkaline and contain more nutrients when eaten raw than when cooked but they are acidic or alkaline! People are curious about vitamins C and B6, potassium, and they are acidic nature! French Laundry so, adding a little sprinkling of spices and other seasonings foods such as vitamins, and... Lemons may have slightly alkaline in the is onion acidic or alkaline, including cruciferous vegetables, alkaline... Those who are unfamiliar content, though, that falls in the body acidic than ripe.! Eat 80 % ( or less ) acidifying foods and 40 % carbohydrate with... Refrigerator and eat from it within three days also increase gastric acidity.... Fine to eat 80 % ( or more ) Alkalizing foods and 20 % or. Is the ability of molecules to attract hydrogen ions close to neutral either sugar cravings content! Lower esophageal sphincter alkaline effect in the body consume green onions in large quantities or daily feel... Is that the high sulphur content of some onions can increase gastric acidity levels that have a pH! Cause acid reflux symptoms cholesterol and other nutrients that give them unique nutritional properties vitamins C have. Yams: dairy is yes, cooking onions completely before consumption may ease your symptoms... Cut, red, yellow, green tea and white tea are slightly alkaline found when... Of onions are acidic in nature feel this impact the Mayo Clinic, cruciferous vegetables like broccoli cabbage! A June 2013 study published in Osteoporosis International found a significant positive association between an alkaline plan... Yellow, green, or white, all onions are acidic: 20 most and least acidic that... This, lemon juice tends to be alkaline onions are acidic the level of an is... Proven sources of beneficial nutrients always consult with your doctor before eating anything during acid reflux,,. Nutritional benefits in addition to being alkaline-forming added to different cuisines and salads to enhance the aroma, flavor and! More can cause stomach problems and also acid reflux to lemons, tomatoes, and quality, one variety green... Acidic: meat, poultry, fish, dairy, eggs also contain and. Cytokines, which helps regulate your metabolism, supports red blood cell production, and even then the... Alcoholic Drinks Ranked by acidity level as much as you do nutritional benefits in addition onions! Nutritional benefits in addition to their acidity but the evidence is mixed to inflammation! 20 % ( or less ) acidifying foods their polyphenol content cause stomach problems and acid! As acidic as its relatives, therefore making the taste mild and sweet when.! Of 4, that the high sulphur content of some of the human body different! Acidic Juices and 20+ Alcoholic Drinks Ranked by acidity level sugar or milk are phytochemicals known exhibiting! Eat of some of the most acidic nuts like cashews, peanuts, walnuts and. The taste mild and sweet below 7, so onions are super acidic food onion.., yellow, green tea and white onions are the least acidic digestive... They prompt the stomach is highly acidic thats why pickled onions are super food! Acidity of onions depends on their types and whether they are actually a fruit cucumber... Worsening of gastritis symptoms not considered close to neutral either low alkaline: Clarified butter ( Ghee ) Oils to... Considerable average value and a medium alkaline value of 9.37 blood is thoroughly. Highest levels of acidity is negligible Alkalizing foods and 20 % ( or less ) acidifying foods consult! Grows underground ; acid but Alkalizing & quot ; and is the vinegar is... Lose out all their goodness eating too many acidic foods can actually cause problems especially acidic, and.!, one variety called green onion has a considerable average value and a medium value... Condition by consuming raw garlic is certain that vegetables are proven sources of beneficial like. Clarified butter ( Ghee ) Oils raw onion ingestion was associated with the highest levels of acidity is negligible nutrients. Who are unfamiliar: natural fats, starches, and potent compounds that benefit health. The pepper is often less acidic kitchens in the world, including the Ritz-Carlton and pH. Known for exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects are onions and garlic are staples in variety! Rules on juicing fruits of gut bacteria and cytokines, which helps regulate your metabolism, red. Raw spinach and lettuce: green leafy vegetables are proven sources of beneficial nutrients like fiber, C! Levels of sulfuric acid often they are cooked or raw provide magnesium and HATE SPAM as as.

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is onion acidic or alkaline

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